2020
Landmann, Helen
In: Umweltpsychologie, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 61-73, 2020.
Abstract | Links | Tags: affect generalization, appraisal theory, Emotion, emotional affinity towards nature, pro-environmental behavior
@article{Landmann2020bb,
title = {Emotions in the context of environmental protection: Theoretical considerations concerning emotion types, eliciting processes, and affect generalization},
author = {Helen Landmann},
url = {http://umps.de/php/artikeldetails.php?id=745
http://www.helen-landmann.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Landmann-2020-Emotions-and-Environment.pdf},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
urldate = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Umweltpsychologie},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
pages = {61-73},
abstract = {Emotions seem to be significant for pro-environmental behavior. Yet, questions about the differentiation, elicitation, and effects of emotions in the context of environmental protection remain. Specifically, current typologies of environmentally relevant emotions each cover only a subset of the relevant emotions. Furthermore, central environmental-psychological constructs such as emotional affinity towards nature are not explained well by current appraisal and emotion theories. Finally, the causal effects of emotions on pro-environmental behavioral intentions in experiments are rather weak and diminish over time, which conflicts with strong correlations between emotions and environmentally relevant intentions. The current work addresses these issues by (1) synthesizing types of environmentally relevant emotions, (2) differentiating paths to emotional reactions towards nature, and (3) considering the process of affect generalization for the consequences of emotion for environmentally relevant behavior. Partitioning affect along these dimensions helps capturing the broad range of environmentally relevant emotions, understanding how these emotions are elicited, and when they affect pro-environmental behavior.
},
keywords = {affect generalization, appraisal theory, Emotion, emotional affinity towards nature, pro-environmental behavior},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Emotions seem to be significant for pro-environmental behavior. Yet, questions about the differentiation, elicitation, and effects of emotions in the context of environmental protection remain. Specifically, current typologies of environmentally relevant emotions each cover only a subset of the relevant emotions. Furthermore, central environmental-psychological constructs such as emotional affinity towards nature are not explained well by current appraisal and emotion theories. Finally, the causal effects of emotions on pro-environmental behavioral intentions in experiments are rather weak and diminish over time, which conflicts with strong correlations between emotions and environmentally relevant intentions. The current work addresses these issues by (1) synthesizing types of environmentally relevant emotions, (2) differentiating paths to emotional reactions towards nature, and (3) considering the process of affect generalization for the consequences of emotion for environmentally relevant behavior. Partitioning affect along these dimensions helps capturing the broad range of environmentally relevant emotions, understanding how these emotions are elicited, and when they affect pro-environmental behavior.
2019
Landmann, Helen; Cova, Florian; Hess, Ursula
Being moved by meaningfulness: Appraisals of surpassing internal standards elicit being moved by relationships and achievements Journal Article
In: Cognition and Emotion, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1387-1409, 2019.
Abstract | Links | Tags: appraisal theory, awe, being moved, chills, elevation, pro-environmental behavior, values
@article{landmann2019being,
title = {Being moved by meaningfulness: Appraisals of surpassing internal standards elicit being moved by relationships and achievements},
author = {Helen Landmann and Florian Cova and Ursula Hess},
doi = {10.1080/02699931.2019.1567463},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
urldate = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
volume = {33},
number = {7},
pages = {1387-1409},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {People can be moved and overwhelmed, a phenomenon typically accompanied by goose-bumps and tears. We argue that these feelings of being moved are not limited to situations that are appraised as pro-social but elicited when someone surpasses an internal standard. In line with these predictions, people were moved by relationships and success (Study 1), by reunion, separation, success and failure (Study 2) and by social, environmental and sports achievements (Study 3). In all three studies, the elicitation of these feelings was partially mediated by appraisals of surpassing social or achievement standards. In line with this, ratings of meaningfulness were closely associated with feelings of being moved and moving stimuli elicited behavioural intentions such as spending time with family and friends, helping others and/or achieving something in life. Thus, moving situations may remind us about what we perceive as meaningful and thereby help us to act accordingly.},
keywords = {appraisal theory, awe, being moved, chills, elevation, pro-environmental behavior, values},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
People can be moved and overwhelmed, a phenomenon typically accompanied by goose-bumps and tears. We argue that these feelings of being moved are not limited to situations that are appraised as pro-social but elicited when someone surpasses an internal standard. In line with these predictions, people were moved by relationships and success (Study 1), by reunion, separation, success and failure (Study 2) and by social, environmental and sports achievements (Study 3). In all three studies, the elicitation of these feelings was partially mediated by appraisals of surpassing social or achievement standards. In line with this, ratings of meaningfulness were closely associated with feelings of being moved and moving stimuli elicited behavioural intentions such as spending time with family and friends, helping others and/or achieving something in life. Thus, moving situations may remind us about what we perceive as meaningful and thereby help us to act accordingly.
2017
Landmann, Helen; Hess, Ursula
What elicits third-party anger? The effects of moral violation and others’ outcome on anger and compassion Journal Article
In: Cognition and Emotion, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1097–1111, 2017.
Abstract | Links | Tags: anger, appraisal theory, compassion, cooperation, Economic Decisions, Emotion, Punishment
@article{landmann2017elicitsb,
title = {What elicits third-party anger? The effects of moral violation and others’ outcome on anger and compassion},
author = {Helen Landmann and Ursula Hess},
doi = {10.1080/02699931.2016.1194258},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-01},
urldate = {2017-06-01},
journal = {Cognition and Emotion},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {1097--1111},
publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
abstract = {People often get angry when they perceive an injustice that affects others but not themselves. In two studies, we investigated the elicitation of third-party anger by varying moral violation and others’ outcome presented in newspaper articles. We found that anger was highly contingent on the moral violation. Others’ outcome, although relevant for compassion, were not significantly relevant for anger (Study 1 and Study 2a) or less relevant for anger than for compassion (Study 2b). This indicates that people can be morally outraged: anger can be elicited by a perceived violation of moral values alone, independent of the harm done. A severe negative consequence for others is not necessary to elicit anger.},
keywords = {anger, appraisal theory, compassion, cooperation, Economic Decisions, Emotion, Punishment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
People often get angry when they perceive an injustice that affects others but not themselves. In two studies, we investigated the elicitation of third-party anger by varying moral violation and others’ outcome presented in newspaper articles. We found that anger was highly contingent on the moral violation. Others’ outcome, although relevant for compassion, were not significantly relevant for anger (Study 1 and Study 2a) or less relevant for anger than for compassion (Study 2b). This indicates that people can be morally outraged: anger can be elicited by a perceived violation of moral values alone, independent of the harm done. A severe negative consequence for others is not necessary to elicit anger.
Landmann, Helen
Third-party anger and being moved: An appraisal approach to moral emotions PhD Thesis
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017.
Abstract | Links | Tags: anger, appraisal theory, being moved, Emotion
@phdthesis{landmann2017third,
title = {Third-party anger and being moved: An appraisal approach to moral emotions},
author = {Helen Landmann},
url = {https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/18452/18433/landmann.pdf?sequence=1},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-04-24},
urldate = {2017-04-24},
publisher = {Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät},
school = {Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin},
abstract = {Moral and immoral behavior can elicit strong emotions. For instance, people can get outraged when they witness unfair behavior (i.e., they experience third-party anger) and they can be intensely moved and overwhelmed by exceptional helpfulness (i.e., they experience feelings of being moved). Using these feelings of third-party anger and being moved as examples, this dissertation set out to clarify how morality and emotions are related. Specifically, the role of outcomes and norms for emotional reactions and behavioral consequences were investigated within six empirical studies. Results indicate that third-party anger and feelings of being moved are counterparts: whereas witnessing behavior that violates norms (e.g., unfairness or disrespect) elicits anger, witnessing behavior that surpasses norms (e.g., exceptional helpfulness or outstanding achievement) elicits feelings of being moved. These emotional episodes seem to be highly relevant for social life as they were associated with punishment decisions, voting intentions and voluntary work. Explaining the elicitation of these emotions was improved when expanding established appraisal assessment methods. Taken together, these findings provide a framework for applying appraisal research to moral emotions and contribute to identifying links between moral principles and emotions. In addition, they point to practical implications concerning anger-induction through the media and the role of being moved in persuasion processes.
},
keywords = {anger, appraisal theory, being moved, Emotion},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {phdthesis}
}
Moral and immoral behavior can elicit strong emotions. For instance, people can get outraged when they witness unfair behavior (i.e., they experience third-party anger) and they can be intensely moved and overwhelmed by exceptional helpfulness (i.e., they experience feelings of being moved). Using these feelings of third-party anger and being moved as examples, this dissertation set out to clarify how morality and emotions are related. Specifically, the role of outcomes and norms for emotional reactions and behavioral consequences were investigated within six empirical studies. Results indicate that third-party anger and feelings of being moved are counterparts: whereas witnessing behavior that violates norms (e.g., unfairness or disrespect) elicits anger, witnessing behavior that surpasses norms (e.g., exceptional helpfulness or outstanding achievement) elicits feelings of being moved. These emotional episodes seem to be highly relevant for social life as they were associated with punishment decisions, voting intentions and voluntary work. Explaining the elicitation of these emotions was improved when expanding established appraisal assessment methods. Taken together, these findings provide a framework for applying appraisal research to moral emotions and contribute to identifying links between moral principles and emotions. In addition, they point to practical implications concerning anger-induction through the media and the role of being moved in persuasion processes.